As sustainable agriculture gains momentum, there’s a rising trend toward on-farm production of biological inputs, or “bioinputs.” While the idea of locally producing these sustainable alternatives to chemical inputs is appealing, Mariangela Hungria, a leading researcher in microbiology at Embrapa Soja, raises serious concerns about quality and safety. Her years of research reveal that on-farm bioinput production, though seemingly simple, requires expertise and careful regulation to prevent risks that could impact crops, the environment, and human health.
The Complex Science of Bioinput Production
Biological inputs involve multiplying living organisms to improve soil health, boost crop yields, and reduce dependency on synthetic chemicals. However, as Hungria emphasizes, producing bioinputs is not like mixing fertilizers or composting. “Microbiology is something very specific. It requires a controlled environment, microbiological knowledge, and the right strains of organisms that have been validated by research,” she explains. Without these controls, contamination is a frequent problem. After five years of analyzing on-farm bioinputs, Hungria reports that nearly every product her team has examined has faced issues, from contamination to low microbial concentration.
The Practical Challenges for Farmers
While on-farm bioinput production could theoretically lower costs, the practicalities are challenging. Hungria points out that Brazilian farmers, whether large-scale or small, often lack the time, resources, and infrastructure needed to ensure the bioinputs they produce are safe and effective. Even with a setup resembling a small biofactory, farmers would need to hire specialized staff and establish strict protocols. “In Brazil, we already have the world’s lowest costs for inoculants, so it’s worth calculating carefully to see if building a production facility is truly cost-effective,” she advises.
Ensuring Quality and Efficacy: More than a Cost Issue
Hungria underscores the importance of quality and efficacy alongside cost. Bioinputs must deliver consistent results without risking contamination. Problems with contaminated products are more than inconvenient—they can lead to serious health risks for plants, animals, and even humans. Missteps in dosage can also be detrimental, as seen with Azospirillum, a popular bioinput in soybean cultivation. When applied incorrectly, excess phytohormones can inhibit rather than stimulate growth. “The goal is to give farmers bioinputs that work as they should and help them succeed,” she emphasizes.
The Threat of Contamination and the Call for Regulation
A particularly concerning issue is the risk of contamination, which doesn’t stay confined to one field. “Microorganisms don’t recognize fences. If you spread a pathogen on your property, it could easily impact neighboring farms,” Hungria warns. Additionally, contaminated crops can have repercussions far beyond national borders. For example, fruits from the São Francisco Valley, which are treated with bioinputs, have been found carrying pathogens. This could become a serious trade issue if detected abroad, potentially leading to export bans.
Why Regulation Matters
Hungria stresses the urgent need for regulation to ensure bioinput production meets quality standards and avoids contaminating crops or spreading pathogens. Farmers have the right to produce bioinputs but also a responsibility to ensure these products are safe and beneficial. By establishing clear regulations, Brazil can safeguard its agricultural exports and support sustainable farming practices that genuinely work for farmers and the environment.
As on-farm bioinput production becomes more popular, Hungria’s message is clear: regulation and expertise are not just desirable but necessary. Sustainable agriculture thrives when we take a responsible approach, ensuring bioinputs are both safe and effective. It’s a balance that could define the future of farming, both in Brazil and worldwide.
Source – Canalrural
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